Peter Graham Professor

FIVE MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS (with justification)

Graham, P. H. (1964) The application of computer techniques to the taxonomy of the root nodule bacteria of legumes. J. Gen. Microbiol. 35;511 517.
This was the first paper to apply computer techniques to the taxonomy of root nodule bacteria. Although at first disputed, the recommendations for change in rhizobial taxonomy made in this paper were all adopted in 1984.

Graham, P. H. and J. C. Rosas, 1977. Growth and development of indeterminate bush and climbing cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. inoculated with Rhizobium. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 88:503 508.
Differences in the ability of bean cultivars to symbiose with Rhizobium were shown, and Puebla 152 identified as a bean cultivar with enhanced ability in symbiosis. This cultivar has been used as parent in all subsequent attempts to improve N2 fixation rates in beans.

Graham, P. H., Viteri, S.E., Mackie, F. and Palacios, A.T. (1982). Variation in acid soil tolerance among strains of Rhizobium phaseoli. Field Crops Res. 5:121 128.
The identification of Rhizobium strain UMR1899 as uniquely acid tolerant, and active in N2 fixation led to its adoption as an inoculant quality bean strain in many of the acid soil areas of the world. This strain with its tolerance to a range of edaphic stresses and wide host range is now one of the more studied organisms known.

McDermott, T. R. and Graham, P. H. (1989). Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant mobility, nodule occupancy and acetylene reduction in the soybean root system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 2493 2498
This study showed that inoculant rhizobia were competitive in nodule formation for the areas of soil in which they were placed, but limited in their mobility in soil, and thus nodule formation on lateral roots. It clearly distinguished between effects due to strain competitiveness in nodulation and inoculant mobility.

Graham, P.H. and Swenson, J (1998, 2000, 2003) Rhizobium Research Laboratory (URL http://www.rhizobium.umn.edu).
Originally intended as an extension site for farmer enquiries on inoculation, this website had received more than 500,000 hits from over 80 countries by the time we discontinued statistics on the site in 2000. It still brings a steady stream of enquiries from students from third world countries, high school students interested in science fair topics, and those seeking inoculants or inoculant information.

REFEREED JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS AND BOOK CHAPTERS IN LAST 5 YEARS

(Overall I have published 76 papers in peer reviewed journals, 50 invited papers and book chapters, and 3 electronic papers)

Elisondo Barron, J., Pasini, R.J., Davis, D.W., Stuthman, D.D. and Graham, P.H., 1999. Response to selection for seed yield and nitrogen (N2) fixation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Field Crops Res. 62, 119-128.

Graham, P.H., 1999. Nitrogen fixation. In: M.J.Sumner et al (Eds.) Handbook of Soil Science. CRC Press., Boca Raton, pp C139-C148.

Graham, P.H., Ballen, K.G., Montealegre, C., Jones, R.K., Fischer, B. and Luque, E., 1999. Characterization of rhizobia associated with Dalea spp. in natural prairies and revegetation areas in Minnesota. In: Highlights of nitrogen fixation research, E. Martinez and G. Hernandez (Eds.) Kluwer/Plenum, New York, pp 69-75.

Sadowsky, M.J. and Graham, P.H., 1999. Agricultural and environmental applications of nitrogen fixing organisms. In: Highlights of nitrogen fixation research, E. Martinez and G. Hernandez (Eds.) Kluwer/Plenum, New York,pp 219-23.

Zhang, X., Nick, G., Kaijalanen, S., Terefework, Z., Paulin, L., Tighe, S.W., Graham, P.H. and Lindstrom, K., 1999. Phylogeny and diversity of Bradyrhizobium strains isolated from the root nodules of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in Zichuan, China. System. Appl. Microbiol. 22: 378-386.

Espinosa-Victoria, D., Vance, C.P. and Graham, P.H., 2000. Host variation in traits associated with crown nodule senescence in soybean. Crop Sci. 40,103-109

Graham, P.H.,2000. Nodule formation in legumes. In: J. Lederberg et al. (Eds.)Encyclopedia of Microbiology. Prentice Hall Publishers, 3: 407-417.

Graham, P.H. and Vance, C.P., 2000. Nitrogen fixation in perspective: an overview of research and extension needs. Field Crops Res. 65: 93-106.

Graham, P.H. and Vance, C.P. (Eds.), 2000. Applied aspects of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Field Crops Res. 65, 91-272.

Seguin, P., Russelle, M.P., Sheaffer, C.C., Ehlke, N.J. and Graham, P.H. , 2000. Dinitrogen fixation in Kura clover and birsfoot trefoil. Agron.J. 92, 1216-1220.

Vance, C.P., Graham, P.H. and Allan, D.L., 2000. Biological nitrogen fixation: Phosphorus a critical future need. In: Pederosa, F. et al .(Eds.) Nitrogen fixation from molecules to crop productivity. Kluwer Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Pp 509-514.

Bernal, G, and Graham, P.H., 2001. Diversity in the rhizobia associated with Phaseolus vulgaris L. in Ecuador, and comparisons with Mexican bean rhizobia. Can. J.Microbiol. 47, 526-534.

Graham, P.H., 2001. Nitrogen fixation. In: Plant Science for Students, R.Robinson et al. (Eds.) Macmillan Reference, Vol 3, pp 91-95.

Seguin, P., Graham, P.H., Sheaffer, C.C., Ehlke, N.J. and Russelle, M.P. 2001. Genetic diversity of rhizobia nodulating Trifolium ambiguum in North America. Can. J. Microbiol. 41, 81-85.

Seguin, P., Sheaffer, C.C., Ehlke, N.J. Russelle, M.P. and Graham, P.H., 2001. Nitrogen fertilization and rhizobial inoculation effects on Kura clover growth.Agron. J. 93, 1262-1268.

Ballen, K.G. and Graham, P.H. 2002.The role of acid pH in symbiosis between plants and soil organisms. In: Z.Rengel (Ed.) pH as a master variable in plant growth. Marcel Dekker, New York.

Christiansen, I. and Graham, P.H., 2002. Variation in nitrogen (N2) fixation among Andean bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes grown at two levels of phosphorus supply. Field Crops Res. 73, 133-142.

Estevez de Jensen, C., Percich, J.A. and Graham, P.H., 2002. Dry bean root rot control with Bacillus subtilis in Minnesota. Field Crops Res. 74,107-115.

Graham, P.H. and Vance, C.P., 2002. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soil. In: The Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology, G. Bitton (Ed.), John Wiley and sons. pp 2201-2210.

O?Hara, G.W., Howieson, J.G. and Graham, P.H., 2002. Nitrogen fixation and agricultural practise. In: J. Leigh (Ed.) Nitrogen fixation at the Millenium. Elsevier Scientific Publishers, pp391-420

Beauregard, M.S., Seguin, P., Sheaffer, C.C. and Graham, P.H., 2003.Characterization and evaluation of North American Trifolium ambiguum-nodulating rhizobia. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 38, 311-318.

Graham, P.H., Hall, A.E. and Coyne, D.P. (Eds). 2003. Contributions and impacts of the Bean/Cowpea CRSP project 1982-2002. Field Crops Res. 82, 79-242.

Graham, P.H. et al., 2003. Addressing edaphic constraints to bean production:the Bean/Cowpea CRSP project in perspective. Field Crops Res. 82, 179-192.

Graham, P.H. and Vance, C.P., 2003. Legumes: Importance and constraints to greater utilization. Plant Physiol. 131, 872-877.

Byun, J., Sheaffer, C.C., Russelle, M.P., Elke, N.J., Wyse, D.L. and Graham, P.H.,2003 Dinitrogen fixation in Illinois bundle flower. Crop Sci. In press.

Graham, P.H., Hungria, M. and Tlusty, B., 2003. Breeding for better nitrogen fixation in grain legumes: where do the rhizobia fit in. Crop Management In press